电气工程专业英语section24.ppt

Chapter 2 Electronics Section 4 Operational Amplifiers Text New Words and Expressions Exercises End Translation of Long Sentences Section 4 Operational Amplifiers Introduction Operational amplifiers are high-gain difference amplifiers, which were perfected during World War II. They became the foundation of analog computers, at one time analog computers were called differential analyzers because they are used to solve differential equations. 运算放大器是一种高增益的差分放大器, 它在第二次世界大战期间得到完善,并成为 模拟计算机的基础. 由于运算放大器被用来 解差分方程,因此一段时期内模拟计算机被 称为差分分析器. 运算放大器也是很多 重要仪器的主要组成部分. Operational amplifiers are also the basis of many important instruments. Section 4 Operational Amplifiers The analog amplifier consists of a basic difference amplifier, implemented by feedback and other compensating amplifying circuits to give linear response, stability, freedom from drift, and other desirable properties. Thus it is more difficult to isolate the long-term changes that arise from variations in temperature and power-supply voltage and from other effects that cause the output voltage to drift. 模拟放大器由基本的差分放大器组成, 通过反馈以及其它补偿放大电路实现线性反应 ,稳定性,来自漂移的自由度以及其它 我们所期望的性能. 我们要求它具有复杂性, 因为运算放大器放大直流以及交流信号,在 放大阶段不允许有容性耦合. The complexity is required because operational amplifiers amplify dc as well as ac signals, capacitive coupling between amplifying stages is not permitted. 因此我们很难 隔离由温度的变化和电源电压以及其它引起 输出电压漂移的因素而产生的长效变化. Section 4 Operational Amplifiers After the invention of the transistor, solid-state operational amplifiers were introduced as integrated circuits. Now operational amplifiers are used to make high-quality, low-power analog amplifier, and it is possible to avoid designing individual transistor amplifier stages for many application. For most amplifying purposes and for many measuring and control applications, simple arrangements of operational amplifiers with feedback circuits will meet the designers needs. 在发明了晶体管后,固态运算放大器被 引入成为集成电路. 现在运算放大器被用来 制造高品质,低功率的模拟放大器,因而我 们可以在很多应