上海市第1--25届初中物理竞赛初赛试题.pdfVIP

上海市第一届初中物理竞赛 初赛试题(1987 年) 说明:本卷共四大题，答卷时间为 90 分钟，满分为100分. 一.判断题(正确的只侧在题后打上“√”，错误的打上“×”。答对每小题得 1 分，不答不给 分。本题共10 分) 1.弹簧的长度跟受到的拉力成正比。······················································································( ) 2.公共汽车紧急刹车时，乘客会往前倒，说明乘客有惯性，而汽车没有惯性。···········( ) 3.只要不改变对物体的作用力大小，物体速度不会改变。················································( ) 4.一个最多能装 10 千克水的容器装不下 10 千克的冰。····················································( ) 5.0℃的冰比0℃的水更冷些。·································································································( ) 6.被100℃蒸汽烫伤要被100℃开水烫伤更危险。·······························································( ) 7.因为木块受到的浮力大于它的重力，所以木块浮在水面上。········································( ) 8.不仅气体之间、液体之间会发生扩散现象，固体之间也会发生扩散现象。···············( ) 9.金属导体中的电流方向就是自由电子定向移动的方向。················································( ) 10.纯水在温度90℃时也会沸腾。·····························································································( ) 二.选择题(以下每小题有一个或几个选择符合题意，请把符合题意的选项前的编号填写在题 后括号内。选对得2 分，漏选得1 分，不选得0 分，出现错误倒扣1 分。本题共40 分) 1.下面列出的长度中，接近6 厘米的是··················································································( ) (A)墨水瓶的高度； (B)铅笔芯的直径； (C)教科书的宽度； (D)桔子的半径。 2.下面关于实验误差的说法，那些是正确的·········································································( ) (A)认真细致地测量就可以避免误差； (B)选用精密测量仪器，改进实验方法，可以减小误差； (C)误差是由于测量中未遵守操作规程而造成的； (D)误差是绝对不能避免的。 3.两艘完全相同的轮船停靠在水中，甲船装满货物，乙船尚未装满货物，则···············( ) (A) 甲船所受的浮力大于重力； （B ）乙船所受浮力小于重力； (C) 甲乙两船所受浮力相等； (D) 甲船所受浮力大于乙船所受浮力。 4.木块放在水平桌面上，桌面对木块的压力跟木块的重力是············································( ) (A)一对大小相等、方向相反的力； (B)一对平衡力； (C)一对作用力和反作用力； (D)作用在同一物体上的力。 5.即使在冰上滑动的石块，最后也会停下来，这是由于·····················