[理学]chap7Themotionofacomplexobject.pdf

7-1 The motion of a complex object Eg. Motion of a baton The figure is a multi-flash photograph of a baton thrown into the air. Although the motion of the baton is complicated, the motion of one special point, the center of mass, is simple. The center of mass follows a parabolic path, the same path that would be followed by a point particle. 哑铃.swf * Reducing a complex motion to a simpler one with center of mass. 7-2~7-5 The Center of Mass 1. Discrete system 1) Two-particle systems (p140) Let us first consider a simple system of two particles in one dimension. Let x and x be the coordinates of the l 2 particles relative to some arbitrarily chosen origin. The center-of-mass coordinate xcm is then defined by M x = m x + m x cm 1 1 2 2 where M = m1 + m2 is the total mass of the system. For this case of just two particles, the center of mass lies at some point on the line joining the particles. For particles of equal mass, the center of mass is halfway between the particles. Otherwise, it is closer to the particle of greater mass. 2) Many-particles systems (p142) We can generalize from our special case of two particles in one dimension to many particles in three dimensions. If we have N particles, the x coordinate of the center of mass xcm is defined by M x = m x + m x + m x +···+ m x = ∑m x cm l l 2 2 3 3 N N i i where M= ∑m is the total mass of the system. Similar i equations define the y and z coordinates of the center of mass: M y = ∑m y and M z = ∑m z cm i i cm i i In vector notation, the position vector o