外文文献翻译---循环水网箱养殖系统.docVIP

徐雯雯：外文文献翻译 Recirculating Aquaculture Tank Production Systems An Overview of Critical Considerations Thomas M. Losordo, Michael P. Masserand James Rakocy Traditional aquaculture production in ponds requires large quantities of water. Approximately 1 million gallons of water per acre are required to fill a pond and an equivalent volume is required to compensate for evaporation and seepage during the year. Assuming an annual pond yield of 5,000 pounds of fish per acre, approximately 100 gallons of water are required per pound of fish production. In many areas of the United States, traditional aquaculture in ponds is not possible because of limited water supplies or an absence of suitable land for pond construction. Recirculating aquaculture production systems may offer an alternative to pond aquaculture technology. Through water treatment and reuse, recirculating systems use a fraction of the water required by ponds to produce similar yields. Because recirculating systems usually use tanks for aquaculture production, substantially less land is required. Aquatic crop production in tanks and raceways where the environment is controlled through water treatment and recirculation has been studied for decades. Although these technologies have been costly, claims of impressive yields with year-round production in locations close to major markets and with extremely little water usage have attracted the interest of prospective aquaculturists. In recent years, a variety of production facilities that use recirculating technology have been built. Results have been mixed. While there have been some notable large-scale business failures in this sector, numerous small- to medium-scale efforts continue production. Prospective aquaculturists and investors need to be aware of the basic technical and economic risks involved in this type of aquaculture production technology. This fact sheet and others in this series are designed to provide basic information on recirculating aquaculture