微波混频器设计.doc

微波混频器设计 摘 要 混频器（mixer）是通信系统的重要组成部分，用于在所有的射频和微波系统进行频率变换，用于通信接收机，也是频率合成器等电子设备中的重要组成部分，用混频器可以实现频率加、减运算功能。 晶体二极管的伏安特性曲线是非线性的，完全可以利用它作混频器件。二极管混频器与三极管相比较，具有动态范围大，噪声小，组合频率分量少，结构简单和工作频率高等优点。采用肖特基二极管的混频电路，工作频率可高到微波频段。因此，二极管混频电路在高质量的各种接收机和测量仪器中得到了广泛的应用。但是二极管混频器也有一个重要的缺点，那就是没有混频增益（混频增益小于1）。相对于单端混频器，单平衡混频器的输出电流频谱分量要比单端混频器小很多，在强信号时，它产生的组合分量也较少。这种混频器利用两个二极管，在同样强的输入信号下，分到每个管子的信号功率比单管混频少3dB，因此它的动态范围也大一倍。此外这种平衡混频器还有抵消本振引入噪声所产生的中频噪声的能力。鉴于单平衡混频器的以上优点，通过ADS对单平衡混频器进行设计与仿真。对仿真电路图进行比较分析，混频器的输入三阶交调点和输出三阶交调点分别为-37.829dBm和?114.506dBm。输入驻波比为 1.024。 关键词：混频器；单平衡；ADS；三阶交调 Microwave Mixer Design Abstract Mixer is the important part of the communication systems, used in all of the RF and microwave system for frequency conversion, for communication receiver, frequency synthesizer and other electronic equipment is an important part of the mixer can achieve the frequency, with add, subtract functions. Crystal diode, volt-ampere characteristic curve is nonlinear, can use it for mixing device. Mixer diodes and transistors are compared, with large dynamic range, low noise, less combination frequency components, simple structure and high working frequency. The Schottky diode mixer circuit, working frequency can be high to the microwave band. Therefore, diode mixer circuit in the high quality of the various receiver and measuring instrument has been widely used. But the diode mixer also has an important drawback, that is no mixing gain ( mixing gain of less than 1). Compared to a single ended mixer, single balanced mixer output current spectrum component than single ended mixer is much smaller, with a strong signal, it generates less composite component. The mixer using two diodes, in the same strong input signals, into each tube signal power3dB less than one mixing, so its dynamic range is also a big times. In addition the balanced mixer and offset the vibration into the noise generated by the medium frequency noise. In view of the single balanced mixer of the above advantages, through ADS on the single