人体生物化学与疾病教学幻灯片.ppt

* 精神分裂症（schizophrenia） 以精神活动互不协调，脱离现实环境为特征，最常见的精神病。 Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness. People who suffer from it are unable to relate their thoughts and feelings to what is happening around them and often withdraw from society * 临床表现： 阳性行为 ——幻觉、错觉和怪异行为 阴性行为 ——社交回避和情绪迟钝等 * * * * 发病机制： 多巴胺功能亢进 遗传因素 * 2014年8月开始的冰桶挑战赛 全称为“ALS冰桶挑战赛”（ALS Ice Bucket Challenge），要求参与者在网络上发布自己被冰水浇遍全身的视频内容，然后该参与者便可以要求其他人来参与这一活动。活动规定，被邀请者要么在24小时内接受挑战，要么就选择为对抗“肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症”捐出100美元。该活动旨在是让更多人知道被称为渐冻人的罕见疾病，同时也达到募款帮助治疗的目的。 “ALS冰桶挑战赛”最先在全美科技界大佬、职业运动员中风靡，随后扩散至中国，科技界大佬纷纷响应，并流传至其他行业。  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Descriptions of the disease date back to 1824 by Charles Bell 1869, Jean-Martin Charcot (the founder of modern neurology) linked it to the underlying neural problem. It is a progressive neurological disease that affects the control of muscle movement due to its damaging affects on motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain Picture from the Memory Aging Center Significance of the Name of this Disease A-myo-trophic comes from Greek “A” = no/negative “myo” = muscle “trophic” = nourishment “No Muscle Nourishment” Lateral = defines location of the nerve cells that signal and control the muscles Sclerosis = scarring and hardening in the degenerating region From Other common names for this disease: Motor neuron disease Charcot’s disease Lou Gehrig’s disease Picture from the Neuromuscular website Who was Lou Gehrig? Lou Gehrig was a baseball player for the New York Yankees in the late 1920s and 1930s Picture from What genes are related to ALS? Copper/zinc Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) Heavy neurofilament subunit (NEFH) Peripherin (PRPH) Dynactin (DCTN1) This disease affects SOD1 gene on chromosome 21 Mutations occurs at the SOD1 located on the long arm of Chromosome 21 Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase 1 gene Codes for the protein Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase 1 Contains 5 e