地膜覆盖栽培对土壤微生物种群和生物活性的影响应用生态学报.PDFVIP

应 用 生 态 学 报 　1998 年 8 月 　第 9 卷 　第 4 期 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 CHIN ESE J OU RNAL OF A PPL IED ECOL O GY ,Aug. 1998 ,9 (4) ∶435～439 地膜覆盖栽培对土壤微生物种群和 生物活性的影响 (沈阳农业大学 ,沈阳 110 16 1) 陈锡时　郭树凡 　汪景宽　张 　键 　 【摘要】　研究了覆膜栽培条件下土壤微生物种群和生物活性. 棕壤长期覆膜种植玉米 ,土 壤表层微生物数量增多 ,细菌 、放线菌和真菌分别增加 22 . 6 % 、29 . 3 %和 19 . 7 %. 苗期细 菌增加最多 ,达 2 14 % ,拔节期和成熟期放线菌增加最多 ,为 22 4 %和 24 4 % ,生育期真 菌增加幅度 12 2～14 6 %. 细菌中兼厌气性种群优势有所增强 ,真菌优势种群无变化. 肥 力水平不同地块覆膜均加强土壤呼吸作用 ,高肥地块土壤脲酶活性升高 ,低肥地块无变 化. 关键词 　地膜覆盖 　土壤微生物 　生物活性 Effect of mulching cultivation with plastic f ilm on soil microbial population and biological ac tivity. Chen Xishi , Guo Shufan ,Wang J ingkuan and Zhang J ian ( S heny ang A g ricult u ral Uni ) ( ) versity , S heny ang 110 16 1 . Chin . J . A pp l . Ecol . , 1998 , 9 4 :435～439. Studies on t he soil microbial population and biological activit y in a brown eart h continuously planted wit h corn and covered wit h plastic film show t hat after longterm mulching , t he num bers of bacteria , actinomyces and fungi in t he top soil increased 22 . 6 % ,29 . 3 % and 19 . 7 % , resp ectively. At seedling stage , bacteria increased by 2 1. 4 % ; at elongating and rip ening stages, actinomyces increased by 22 . 4 % and 24 . 4 % , resp ectively ; and wit hin t he whole growt h p eriod , fungi increased 12 . 2～14 . 6 %. In addition , t he dominant facultative anaerobial populations of bacteria tended to be increased , but t hose of fungi were not to be changed . Soil respiration rate was also enhanced by mulching in all sites wit h different fertilit y , but soil urease activity only increased obvious