BertrandRussell罗素介绍.ppt

Bertrand Russell The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts. Who is Russell? Philosopher Early days Grandfather： Lord John Russell Twice Prime Minister during the Victoria time (1840s and 1860s) Fame as the chief architect of the Great Reform Bill of 1832. Trinity College 三一学院 Philosopher One of the funders of Analytic philosophy Philosophy of language: Russell’s theory of description A contribution to metaphysics(形而上学) and Epistemology（认识论） Mathematician A Barber’s Story This barber shaves all and only those men of the town who do not shave themselves. Majored in math in Cambridge The Principles of Mathematics in 1903 The Russell Paradox (罗素悖论) The Principia Mathematica in 1910 written with Whitehead Social activist Gave a lot of speeches around the world Opinion about China I have been speaking of the Chinese as they are in ordinary life, when they appear as men of active and sceptical intelligence, but of somewhat sluggish passions. There is, however, another side to them: they are capable of wild excitement, often of a collective kind . 日常生活中除了有点懒散和缺乏激情外， 大凡聪明能干而又多心多疑。但是，这 只是一方面。另 一方面，中国人又很会 狂热激动，且常常是一种集体的狂热激动 Russell-Einstein Manifesto in 1955(罗素爱因斯坦联合宣言) Russell’s Work A History of Western Philosophy 《西方哲学史》 Mysticism Logic 《神秘主义与逻辑》 Political Ideals 《政治理想》 Proposed Roads to Freedom 《通往自由之路》 The Problems of Philosophy 《哲学的问题》 Existentialism “Man is the unique and isolated individual in a meaningless or hostile world, responsible for his own action and free to choose his destiny ” KEY WORDS Existence precedes essence 存在先于本质 Being-in- the world人生在世 Being-towords-death向死而在 Solitary individual孤独的个体 Nothingness虚无 Masterpiece Camus: The Stranger局外人; The Plague 鼠疫 Sartre: Nausea 恶心; The Fly苍蝇; Being and Nothingness存在与虚无 Beauvoir : The Second Sex 第二性 Movies ?The Red Desert