2018(理科数学）优化设计第一轮-高考大题专项练三.docxVIP

高考大题专项练三　高考中的数列1.(2016河北唐山高三检测)已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,公差d≠0,且S3+S5=50,a1,a4,a13成等比数列.(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;(2)设是首项为1,公比为3的等比数列,求数列{bn}的前n项和Tn.?导学2.(2016河北衡水中学考前仿真二)设数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,已知a1=3,Sn+1=3Sn+3.(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;(2)若bn=,求数列{bn}的前n项和Tn.?导学3.已知等差数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,等比数列{bn}的公比为,满足S3=15,a1+2b1=3,a2+4b2=6.(1)求数列{an},{bn}的通项公式an,bn;(2)求数列{an·bn}的前n项和Tn.?导学4.(2016山西晋中5月高三质检)已知数列{an}的首项a1=,an+1=(n∈N*).(1)求证:数列是等比数列;(2)求数列的前n项和Sn.?导学5.已知数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且Sn=2an-1;数列{bn}满足bn-1-bn=bnbn-1(n≥2,n∈N*),b1=1.(1)求数列{an},{bn}的通项公式;(2)求数列的前n项和Tn.?导学6.设Sn为等差数列{an}的前n项和,已知S3=a7,a8-2a3=3.(1)求an;(2)设bn=,数列{bn}的前n项和为Tn,求证:Tn(n∈N*).?导学7.已知正项数列{an}的首项a1=1,前n项和Sn满足an=(n≥2).(1)求证:{}为等差数列,并求数列{an}的通项公式;(2)记数列的前n项和为Tn,若对任意的n∈N*,不等式4Tna2-a恒成立,求实数a的取值范围.?导学8.已知数列{an}是公比为的等比数列,其前n项和为Sn,且1-a2是a1与1+a3的等比中项,数列{bn}是等差数列,其前n项和Tn满足Tn=nλ·bn+1(λ为常数,且λ≠1),其中b1=8.(1)求数列{an}的通项公式及λ的值;(2)比较+…+Sn的大小.?导学参考答案高考大题专项练三　高考中的数列1.解(1)依题意得,解得故an=a1+(n-1)d=3+2(n-1)=2n+1,即an=2n+1.(2)由题意可知=3n-1,则bn=an·3n-1=(2n+1)·3n-1.故Tn=3+5×3+7×32+…+(2n+1)·3n-1,①3Tn=3×3+5×32+7×33+…+(2n-1)·3n-1+(2n+1)·3n,②①-②得-2Tn=3+2×3+2×32+…+2·3n-1-(2n+1)3n=3+2·-(2n+1)3n=-2n·3n,因此,Tn=n·3n.2.解(1)(方法一)∵Sn+1=3Sn+3,∴Sn+1+=3.∴Sn+3n-1=×3n-1=.∴当n≥2时,an=Sn-Sn-1==3n,a1也适合.∴an=3n.(方法二)由Sn+1=3Sn+3(n∈N*),可知当n≥2时,Sn=3Sn-1+3,两式相减,得an+1=3an(n≥2).又a1=3,代入Sn+1=3Sn+3得a2=9,故an=3n.(2)∵bn=,∴Tn=,①∴Tn=,②由①-②,得Tn=,解得Tn=.3.解(1)设等差数列{an}的公差为d,所以解得a1=2,d=3,b1=,所以an=3n-1,bn=.(2)由(1)知Tn=2×+5×+8×+…+(3n-4)+(3n-1),①①×Tn=2×+5×+…+(3n-4)+(3n-1),②①-②得Tn=2×+3×-(3n-1)·=1+3×-(3n-1)·,整理,得Tn=-(3n+5)+5.4.(1)证明∵an+1=,∴.∴-1=.又a1=,∴-1=.∴数列是以为首项,以为公比的等比数列.(2)解由(1)知-1=,则+1.故+n.设Tn=+…+,①则Tn=+…+,②由①-②得Tn=+…+=1-,∴Tn=2-.又1+2+3+…+n=,∴数列的前n项和Sn=2-.5.解(1)由Sn=2an-1,得S1=a1=2a1-1,故a1=1.又Sn=2an-1,Sn-1=2an-1-1(n≥2),两式相减,得Sn-Sn-1=2an-2an-1,即an=2an-2an-1.故an=2an-1,n≥2.所以数列{an}是首项为1,公比为2的等比数列.故an=1·2n-1=2n-1.由bn-1-bn=bnbn-1(n≥2,n∈N*),得=1.又b1=1,∴数列是首项为1,公差为1的等差数列.∴=1+(n-1)·1=n.∴bn=.(2)由(1)得=n·2n-1.∴Tn=1·20+2·21+…+n·2n-1,∴2Tn=1·21+2·22+…+n·2n.两式相减,得-T