[化学]海藻生物质论文.docVIP

海藻生物质 摘 要 生物质是唯一可转化为液体燃料的对环境友好的清洁的可再生资源。通过高压液化或热裂解方法可将生物质制备成类似石油的粘稠状物质—生物油。生物油经过精制可转化为替代石油的常规燃料。生物油的分离与分析具有非常重要的意义。国内外研究者还尝试利用超临界液化、共液化、热化学催化液化、微波裂解液化等多种新型液化工艺进行海藻热化学液化制备生物油的实验研究。 海藻是一种石莼属的绿色藻类，是类似叶质不规则形状植物体。将海藻转化为燃料和化合物的方法在实验室中进行了系统研究。这项实验工作目标是研究在亚临界水为媒介条件下将海藻转化为四氢呋喃溶剂油。本实验对反应温度，反应时间，样品尺寸，水含量和样品含量，水溶性有机物的重新使用在燃料产率上的影响进行了研究。 本实验用亚临界水，将海藻高温加氢转化成可溶于四氢呋喃溶剂的燃料。燃料的产量在反应的最初阶段随着时间的增加而增加，而后递减。产量的增加和水的体积，样品重量，反应温度相关，产量的下降和一片样品的表面积有关。最佳的反应条件是反应管内加入体积分数为75 %的水，反应温度为360℃，样品总质量为6g，一片样品的表面积少于0.25mm2 。在大约9 cm3 的316不锈钢反应管内反应30秒。燃料的最大产率和最高热值，在最佳反应条件和可溶性有机化合物相结合的情况下，为76.7 %和29.9MJ/kg。 关键词：亚临界水；高温加氢转化；海藻；燃料 ABSTRACT Biomass is the environment friendly，clean and renewable energy resources which can be transformed into liquid fuel. The liquefaction or pyrolysis of biomass can transform biomass into ropy matter like petroleum. Bio-oil can be refined as fuel to replace the fossil one. The separation and analysis on bio-oil is of great importance. Domestic and foreign researches have also conducted laboratory tests on producing bio-oil using some other new types of liquefaction technologies such as supercritical liquefaction，co-liquefaction，thermochemical catalytic liquefaction and microwave pyrolysis. Monostroma nitidum Wittrock is a kind of green algae of the genus Ulva, having a membranous leaflike, irregularly shaped thallus. The methods to convert Monostroma nitidum Wittrock into fuels and chemicals are systematically searched in the laboratory. The aim of this work is to study the hydrothermal conversion of Monostroma nitidum Wittrock into THF-soluble oil with subcritical water. The effects of the reaction temperature, reaction time, sample size, amounts of water and sample, and reuse of water-soluble organic materials on the fuel yield were investigated. Using subcritical water, hydrothermal conversion of M