(直译与意译).docVIP

Unit 3 Translation Methods Time: 6 sessions (3 x 90 minutes) Part one (90 minutes) Targets: Literal translation or liberal translation （直译与意译） Foreignizing or domesticating （同化与异化） Sub-text Natural translation Activities: I. Literal translation or liberal translation (35’) Translation is translating meaning ( Nida). 直译（Literal translation）：把原文的意思完整而又正确的表达出来，基本上保留原文的语言形式（词语、句子结构、修辞手法等），同时译出的文字又明白易懂、符合语言规范，这种翻译方法就是“直译”。虽然，忠实为宗旨Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences.)、死译(one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word.)有着本质的区别(literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. The longer the unit, the rarer the one-to-one. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure, both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. Newmark)。 Task 1: 生活中存在着很多的压力，人们对压力的看法各有不同。有些人认为压力的存在是很有必要的，而另一些人对压力的存在则持有不同的看法。 There are a lot of pressures in life, on which different people have different opinions. Some people think that the existence of pressure is essential, while others hold different viewpoints. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history against the harmful effects of international tourism. The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. 任何社会文化通常都会被分为两种：物质的和非物质的。 不好的翻译： 春暖花开：spring warm flower open 书记：book record However, there are all kinds of insidious resistances to literal translation (constrains on literal translation depending on the context, cultural condition. There are some “untranslatable” words whose meaning cannot be rendered literally