软件技术基础课件完整版817页.ppt

第 * 页 2.1 Two schemes(方式) of address reallocation (1) Static Relocation(静态重定位) — OS maps all logical address to physical address at once when program is loaded into memory. simple; no need for hardware support； program must be stored contiguously； program can not be moved and not be reallocated memory； much CPU time to execute address reallocation； not support program sharing; 第 * 页 Static Relocation mov r1,[300] 123 0 100 300 599 Logical address space 0 1000 256k-1 memory 1100 1300 1600 Contiguous memory Allocation Relocation program (重定位程序) Job 1 mov r1,[1300] 123 第 * 页 (2) Dynamic Relocation(动态重定位) — Address mapping is executed during run-time(运行时); the address in the program stored in main memory is still logical address. Program can be stored in noncontiguous memory partitions； Program code can be move in the memory when being executed, which helps utilize memory； One program can be shared by more than one users； Need for hardware support (memory-management Unit, MMU); 第 * 页 Dynamic Relocation using a relocation register Contiguous memory Allocation mov r1,[300] 123 0 100 300 599 Logical address space mov r1 , [300] 123 0 1000 256k-1 memory 1100 1300 1600 Relocation register 1000 300 Logical address + Physical address MMU Job 1 mov r1,[300] 123 第 * 页 2.2 Memory Allocation Method Contiguous Memory Allocation(连续分区存储) Paging Memory Allocation(页式分区存储) Segmentation Memory Allocation(段式分区存储) Segmentation Memory Allocation with Paging(段页式分区存储) Virtual Memory(虚拟存储): Demand Paging Memory Management(请求分页存储管理） 第 * 页 Main memory usually into two partitions: Resident operating system(常驻操作系统), usually held in low memory with interrupt vector. User processes held in high memory. Contiguous Memory Allocation Each process is allocated in a single contiguous section of memory which can contain exactly this process. Relocation register(重定位寄存器) and limit register(限位寄存器) scheme used to protect user processes from each other, and from changing operating-system co