财政学ppt2.ppt

Course syllabus Timetable and Classroom Tuesday(1-2), Building C, Room202 Thursday(1-2),Building A, Room110 Prerequisite Economics Assessment Methods Two hour closed book exam in Jan.2010. Grading 50% Final exam; 20% Midterm exam; 30% Problem sets, including homework, classroom discussing, and answering questions. General Description of the Unit Public finance is the study of the activities of the state using mainly microeconomic tools. Government intervenes in the economy to set a legal framework, to employ resources, to raise taxes and to give subsidies to various individuals and activities. Public finance is the study of why and how government uses taxation and expenditure to influence the allocation of resources. Economics of the Public Sector What role should the government play in the economy relative to markets? What services should the government provide and how those services be financed? Public finance is the field of study in economics that is concerned with the financial activities of the public sector---that part of the economy controlled by government. PART 1 Getting Started PART 1 Getting Started 1 Introduction 2 Tools of Positive Analysis 3 Tools of Normative Analysis 1 Introduction 1.1 Public Finance and Ideology -- Attitudes toward Government Mechanistic View: Government is a contrivance created by individuals to better achieve their individual goals. “Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people.” What is good/ How the government should act to promote it. Libertarians: limited government Social democrats: substantial government intervention is required for the good of individuals. View point of this book The notion that the individual rather than the group is paramount is relatively new. Economic policy is not based on economic analysis alone, it depends on ethical and political judgm