[医学]奥瑞姆自护理论.ppt

奥瑞姆自护理论Orem’s Self-Care Theory Aims of the course ?to learn what is Orems self-care theroy ?to give an analysis critique of the theory ?to understand the application of the theory in nursing Dorothea Orem Early 1930’s - AD from Providence School of Nursing, Washington, D.C. 1939 – BSN completed 1945 - MS in nursing education 1958 - consultant to the Office of Education where she began working on her SELF-CARE THEORY Dorothea Orem 1959 - first published her theory in “Guides for Developing Curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses” (a government publication) 1976 - honorary Doctorate of Science from Georgetown University 1999 - last edition of her theory was published Orem’s General Theory of Nursing 自护理论 the theory of self-care 自护缺陷理论 the theory of self-care deficit 护理系统理论 the theory of nursing system 自护理论 (the theory of self-care) 自护理论强调以自我照护为中心，最终目标是使个体担负起自我照护的责任，包括以下核心概念： 自护( self-care) 自护力量 (self-care agency) 自护体 (self-care agent) 治疗性自护需要 (therapeutic self-care demand) 自护需要 (self-care requisites) 自护：自护是个体为了维持自身的生命、维护和促进健康及身心发展，有意识的采取一系列连续的自发调节行为。 自护能力：人进行自护活动的能力和从事自我照护的能力。 自护体：能够完成自护活动的人称为自护体。 治疗性自护需要：在特定活动内自护需要的总称。 自护需要：满足自护需要所采取的所有活动。 自护缺陷理论(the theory of self-care deficit) 自护缺陷理论是奥瑞姆自护理论的核心，是自护能力不足以满足治疗性自护需要的产物。 1、个体的自护能力无法满足自己自护的需求 2、照顾者的自护能力无法满足被照顾者的需求 护理系统、护士行为和病人行为三者间的关系 Orem对人、环境、健康、护理的认识 奥瑞姆的护理程序 （1）评估:评估影响病人自护需要和自护能力的十个方面的基本条件因素，评估病人的自理能力和自护需求，评估自护不足，根据自护不足明确护理诊断。 （2）设计恰当的护理系统，计划护理方案。 （3）护理系统的实施与调整。 theory analysis  theory critique 对奥瑞姆自护模式的分析theory analysis the theorist 理论家 paradigmatic origins 理论范例起源 internal dimensions 内部维度分析 paradigmatic origins理论范例起源 Needs Theory (Henderson, 1966) Functional Theory (Abdellah, Beland, Martin, Matheney, 1961) Orem credits reflection on own practice others for theory beginnings Uniqueness of Orem’s theory – individual is capable of engaging in own self-care internal dimensions 内部维度分析 Composed of 3 nested theories: Self-ca