下颌骨的生长发育教材幻灯片.ppt

myszjpwd-myxr-xm;下颌骨的生长发育; 下颌骨的发生(Sperber,GH,1989) 图示下颌骨副软骨的发生部位;;;;At birth: Body is still defined. Alveolar process scarcely present. Rami are proportionally short. Condyles are poorly defined. Symphyseal growth still occurs increasing width Mandible symphysis closes 1-2 years.;下颌骨的三向生长;;◆　长度的增长 ◆　宽度的增长 ◆　高度的增长;下颌骨宽度的增长;下颌骨高度的增长;The combination of condylar and ramus growth brings about:;下颌支的骨改建机制(remodelling) ;下颌升支肌肉附着处的横断面(Enlow,D.H.1990);下颌支向侧方扩大,“Ｖ”字形原理 ;关节部的生长与改建;髁状突软骨的作用;;Severe mandibular deficiency from TMJ infection.;;;;颏部的生长;;;;;四、牙列与合的发育;;;(一)合的建立;◆　向前的动力 ◆　向后的动力 ◆　内外的动力平衡 ◆　垂直向的动力平衡;;;◆　萌牙前期的颌间关系 ◆　乳牙合 ◆　替牙合 ◆　恒牙合;乳牙合期;乳牙列间隙变化;In the maxillary arch, the primate space is mesial to the canines. In the mandibular arch, the primate space is distal to the canine.;Spacing in the primary incisor region is normally distributed among all the incisors, not just in the “primate space” locations where permanent spaces exist in most mammalian species.;;终末平面的类型;;2-4岁 无间隙、无磨耗、E远中呈直线 4-6岁 有间隙、有磨耗、E 近中移动;;正常乳牙合的特征;(二)替牙合期;;恒牙萌出时间及顺序;The sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth is more important than the exact time of eruption.;;;;;;;;;Eruption of the first permanent molars;Three ways a Class I molar relationship can develop:;; 替牙间隙(Leeway　space) =(C+D+E)─(3+4+5) 上颌单侧约0.9mm 下颌单侧约1.7mm;On the average, the combined width of the mandibular deciduous canine and first and second deciduous molars is 1.7 mm greater than the permanent successors. The deciduous versus permanent tooth dimension for the comparable maxillary arch segment is only 0.9mm. Mesial drift is consequently greater in the mandibular arch, often compensating for a flush terminal plane. ;;If a child has a flush terminal plane molar relationship early in the mixed dentition, about 3.5 mm of movement of the lower molar forward relative to the upper molar is required for a smooth transition to a Class I molar relationship in the permanent dentition. About