Lower Birth Weight as A Critical Effect of Chlorpyrifos A…降低出生体重作为毒死蜱的重要作用.pdfVIP

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 42(2005) 55-63 Lower Birth Weight as A Critical Effect of Chlorpyrifos: A Comparison of Human and Animal Data Qiyu Zhao* Bernard Gadagbui And Michael Dourson Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) Cincinnati, Ohio *Corresponding author: 2300 Montana Ave., Suite 409, Cincinnati, OH 45211. Tel: 513-542-7475 ext. 16, Fax: 513-542-7487, zhao@ Running title: Chlorpyrifos Hazard Identification 1 Abstract Chlorpyrifos is an irreversible inhibitor of cholinesterase (ChE), and inhibition of ChE is believed to be the most sensitive effect in all animal species evaluated and in humans. Recent epidemiology studies reported associations between umbilical cord plasma chlorpyrifos levels and fetal birth weight decreases among minority women living in New York City during pregnancy. These associations raise questions whether impaired fetal development is the critical effect rather than the inhibition of ChE as is currently believed so. We analyze the available information from epidemiology studies and animal studies in order to identify the relative sensitivity of decreased birth weight and inhibition of ChE from exposure to chlorpyrifos. We find that the positive associations from some epidemiology studies are different from other epidemiology investigations. Moreover, a direct comparison of experimental animal neonatal information shows that cholinesterase inhibition is a more sensitive indicator of adverse effect than reduced body weight, and that neonates are equally, or perhaps less sensitive to cholinesterase inhibition than their mate