SOURCE ACTIVITY TITLE SOURCES OF POYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS…来源活动聚氯乙烯的来源.pdfVIP

Sources of PCB emission SOURCE ACTIVITY TITLE: SOURCES OF POYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS EMISSION NOSE CODE: N/A NFR CODE: N/A Introduction This model chapter is aimed at summarizing information relevant to polychlorinated biphenyls emissions for the purposes of their inventory. 1. GENERAL 1.1 Definitions Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – a group of synthetic organic chemicals known as chlorinated hydrocarbons which include any chemical substance of the biphenyl molecule that has been chlorinated to varying degrees. The chemical formula for PCBs can be represented as C H Cl , where n is the number of chlorine atoms within the range of 1–10. A total of 209 12 (10-n) n individual isomers (or “congeners”) exist. The term “homologue” is used to refer to all PCBs with the same number of chlorine (e.g. trichlorobiphenyls). Homologues with different substitution patterns are referred to as isomers. For example, dichlorobiphenyl homologue contains 12 isomers. The sum of PCBs may sometimes refer to the sum of seven individual PCB isomers (congeners) called the “Dutch seven”. These are commonly reported as ΣPCB7 and includes PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180. For transparency, it is good practice to report the specific isomers referred to when reporting sum PCBs. 1.2 Properties PCBs have high heat capacity, low conductance, they are inert to acids and alkali, have good solubility in fats, oils and organic solvents, and