Sex Bias in Graduate Admissions Data from Berkeley伯克利研究生招生数据中的性别偏见.pdfVIP

by using a familiarstatistic,chi-square. As alreadynoted, we are aware of the pitfalls ahead in this naive approach, but we intend to stumble into every Sex Bias in GraduateAdmissions: one of them for didactic reasons. We must first make clear two as- Data from Berkeley sumptions that underlie consideration of the data in this contingency table approach.Assumption 1 is that in any Measuring bias is harder than is usually assumed, given discipline male and female ap- and the evidence is sometimes contrary to expectation. plicantsdo not differin respectof their intelligence, skill, qualifications,prom- ise, or other attribute deemed legiti- P. J. Bickel, E. A. Hammel, J. W. OConnell mately pertinentto their acceptanceas students.It is pre