[文学]华科英语双学位词汇学chapter4.ppt

Word formation A) It helps us to understand word meanings more deeply and comprehensively. Words ending with –ard often have some sort of derogatory meaning: drunkard, sluggard, laggard, bastard, coward (coward came from Italian cauda, meaning tail, so the word originally may possibly mean ‘(dog) with his tail between his leg’) B) It helps us to enlarge our vocabulary: Anecdote: from Greek anekdotos (unpublished), an- means not, ek means out, dotos means given. So the English word anecdote means ‘a confidential story ‘not’ given out’. Stue-: 1) push→ figuratively into English → Study: push forward with one’s knowledge → Student: one who pushes forward with his knowledge → Studious: hard-working → Studio: a place of study 2) knock → figuratively into English → stupor: the state of being unable to think or use one’s senses 昏迷; 恍惚 → stuporous → Stupefy: to make unable to think or feel (to knock senseless or stun) → Stupefaction → stupefactive → stupid: to be stunned; to be amazed 麻木的→无知觉的→呆头呆脑的→愚蠢的 Stupid student C) It helps us to improve our ability to make words and use words more vividly: Read a sentence from George Bernard Shaw: Germany was outwitted, outprepared, outgeneralled, outfought, outflown, outgassed, outtanked, outraided, outbombed, and finally brought to her knees. (德国计穷了，装备穷了，策略穷了，战斗穷了，飞机穷了，汽油穷了，坦克穷了，攻击穷了，炸弹穷了，终于屈膝而投降。） 4.1 derivation Make new words by adding affixes to a root or by putting different bound roots together. Words created in this way are called as derivatives. In a book How to Increase Your Word Power, the author regards roots, prefixes and suffixes as the three keys to the increasing of vocabulary. 4.1.1 roots: 1) acid-, acur- (acr): sharp needle acute: working well, sharp, acrid: spicy Acidify Acidity Acidulate acidulous 2) ag- act, ig-: to go, to drive, to set in motion agent, active, reaction, agile navigate Exact: to drive out; to demand or obtain by force (索取，强要） Exact