生物化学课件蛋白质的生物合成及合成后修饰.ppt

A Many viruses co-opt the host cell protein synthesis machinery. 1.Virus mRNA is more efficiently translated than host cell mRNA. 2. Viruses make abundant mRNA. 3.Some viruses can inhibit host cell mRNA binding to 40S subunit. B Many antibiotics work because they selec- tively inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. Chloramphenicol inhibits prokaryotic peptidyl transferase. Streptomycin binding to 30S subunit causes mRNA misreading. Tetracycline binding to 30S subunit interferes with aminoacyl-tRNA binding. tyr Puromycin is an analog of Tyr-tRNA and can enter the A site during protein synthesis. If puromycin occupies A site, translation elon- gation stops. Puromycin was used in the study on protein synthesis. Cycloheximide inhibits eukaryotic peptidyl transferase. It is used in studies on protein metabolism. Some bioactive substances that can inhibit cell or virus protein synthesis diphtheria toxin Diphtheria toxin is a kind of enzyme. It transfers ADP-ribose group from NAD+ to the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EF2). That results in inactivation of EF2 and trans- lation stops. interferon When mammalian cell is infected by virus, the host cell can synthesize interferon. Interferon has two ways to combat virus. 1 It induces synthesis of HCI, a kind of protein kinase. HCI catalyzes phosphorylation of eIF2. The phosphorylated eIF2 is inactive. Protein synthesis stops 2 Interferon induces an enzyme for the synthesis of 2’5’oligoA. 2’5’oligoA is synthesized in the cell. 2’5’oligoA activates RNase L RNase L hydrolyzes virus mRNA. The 23SrRNA ( in eukaryotic ribosome the 28SrRNA ) catalyzes the peptide bond formation between the acyl group of the fMet residue and the alpha amino group of the next AA residue. So, protein biosynthesis is directional, from N-terminal to C-ter