生物技术药物 中英文.ppt

Stem Cells Regenerative Medicine Transgenic Animals Cloning Stem Cells Regenerative Medicine Transgenic Animals Transgenic AnimalsOutline Why develop transgenic animals? How are heterologous genes introduced and expressed in animal systems? Can animals be cloned? What is the current technology in animal transgenesis? What are the applications of transgenic animal technology? Transgenic AnimalsWhy? Selective breeding has been used over many generations to genetically improve animals for desirable traits Breeding pure lines is time-consuming and costly Introduction of a new trait into a pure breeding line is difficult Limited by naturally occurring traits Transgenic Animal Applications Genetic engineering of desirable traits Rapid creation of pure breeding lines and identical offspring (clones) Animal model systems for research in human diseases Animal systems as bioreactors for production of heterologous biological molecules (“pharming”) How to Introduce Foreign GenesBasic Strategy Inject a cloned gene into the nucleus of a fertilized egg Implant the genetically engineered egg into a receptive female Screen for animals with the gene integrated into their germ line cells Selective breeding to establish new genetic lines Mouse TrangenesisMethodology Retroviral vectors that infect cells of early stage embryos followed by implantation and selective breeding Microinjection of DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized egg followed by implantation and selective breeding Introduction of genetically engineered embryonic stem cells into early stage embryos followed by implantation and selective breeding Mouse TransgenesisRetroviral Vector Method Mouse TransgenesisRetroviral Vector Method Efficient mechanism of integrating the transgene into the recipient host cell Can transfer only small fragments of genetic information ( 8 Kb) Random insertion of transgene in host genome Potential for retroviral contamination in transgenic animal Mouse TransgenesisMicroinjection Method T