crispr-PB10207052(簇生间隙短回文重复序列如何起到细菌免疫防御).docVIP

CRISPER 【Abstract】CRISPR known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ,consists of identical repeated DNA sequence (repeats) ,and highly variable sequences referred to as spacers. CRISPR is thought to play a key role in prokaryotic adaptive immunity and may function in DNA recombination and repair .CRISPR-associated (cas) genes encode conserved proteins that cooperate with CRISPR to defend the prokaryotic against invaders. Here ,we also talk about the mechanism of its function and how it discriminate from nonself to self. 【key word】CRISPR ; CAS ; prokaryotic ;adaptive immunity ; CRISPR is a kind of special DNA that have repeated sequence ,and is widely spread in many prokaryotic .CRISPR is first discovered in 2002 ,and attract many scientists into this study due to its special structure and mysterious function .The structure of CRISPR is pretty stable,and is composed of repeats and spacers .Then ,scientists find that CRISPR-associated sequences system，CASS is functioning as an adaptive immune system ,and also paly a role in DNA recombination and repair. The structure of CRISPR-CAS system CRISPR is made of repeats and spacers.The size of CRISPR repeats and spacers varies between 23 to 47 bps and 21 to 72 bps, respectively .The finding that some of the spacer sequences matched with fragments of extra-chromosomal elements (mainly from plasmids and virus genomes) led to the hypothesis that the CRISPR–CAS system might be a novel defense system that is able to protect a host cell against invading alien nucleic acid . There are often 4~10 conserved DNA sequence followed the CRISPR ,known as CRISPR associated sequences (CAS) . Six “core” CAS genes have been identified, including the universal markers of CRISPR/CAS systems CAS1 and CAS2 (occasionally in a fused form with other CAS genes).Besides the CAS1 to CAS6 core genes, subtype-specific genes and genes encoding “repeat-associated mysterious proteins” (RAMP) ha