[英语学习]初中英语语法—被动语态.ppt

　 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主 动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 　②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 　③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：①Many people speak English. English by many people. ②He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. [注意] ①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例① ，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 ②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例②中的主语he改为him。 “双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，变被动语态后动词pass, bring, buy, show, send, give, cook等后要加介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的 动词决定) ；把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，则不用介词。 ①.He gave me a book. → 变直接宾语加to .变间接宾语不加 I was given a book (by him). A book was given to me (by him). ②.He showed me a ticket. → I was shown a ticket (by him). A ticket was shown to me (by him).　　 ③.My father bought me a new bike. → I was bought a new bike (by my father). A new bike was bought for me (by my father). (5)被动语态后动词形式的选择:主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(变为被动语态)→They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 1.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. 2.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. 3.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. 4.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. [注意] 当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态 时，doing保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) ⑺.无被动语态的动词： 不及物动词或短语无被动语态，常见的有：happen, take place，belong to, last（持续）, break out（爆发） 例如： Great changes have taken place here since 1990. 误：Grea