WhenDNAChanges–Chap17.pptVIP

When DNA Changes – Chap. 17 DNA is stable Frequency of Mutations DNA Damage Mutagens are agents that cause mutations – a failure to repair DNA Three levels of mutational change Level 1. Point or Single-Base Mutations 3 Types: I. (Base) Substitutions or Missense Mutation (Fig. 17.5 in text) Three outcomes Silent mutations – Neutral mutations – “Drastic” mutations II. Chain-Termination Mutations III. Frameshift Mutations Level 2. Chromosomal Mutations 3 Types: Deletions – entire sections of the chromosome are left out Inversions – a middle fragment may flip over and then rejoin Level 3. Transpositions * Left: A normal fruit fly (drosophila). Middle: A fruit fly with its legs jutting from its head; a mutation induced by radiation. Right: A disastrous effect of mutations on the human body. The boy is a Chernobyl nuclear plant accident victim. /m/xmen/trailers.php NOVA. One Wrong Letter Translocations – two nonhomologous chromosomes break, swap segments, and fuse together (ex. human #9 and #22 resulting in a type of lukemia) * * *