大学物理QP-lecture4.pdfVIP

Chapter 27 Schrödinger Equation §27-1 Schrödinger equation §27-1 Schrödinger Classical physics Quantum mechanics 针对物质的波粒二象性 不考虑物质的波粒二象性 微观粒子无运动轨道概念 经典质点有运动轨道概念 是否存在一个量子力学方程 E. Schrödinger (1887–1961) E. Schrödinger (1887–1961) 薛定谔方程 牛顿方程 根据初始条件可求出经典质点 根据某种条件可求出微观粒子 的运动状态 的运动状态 Wave The Nobel Prize in function The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 Physics 1933 Schrödinger equation Schrödinger 1. Schrödinger equation for free particles Schrödinger 1) For free particle, its frequency and wavelength are not variable with time and position, so it can be described by a plane wave. x Ψ x t A t − πν π ( , ) cos( 2 2 ) λ ⎡ x ⎤ x t A i t πν π Ψ( , ) exp ⎢⎣− (2 −2 λ)⎦⎥ ⎡ 2π ˆ v ⎤ ˆ A exp −i(2πνt − k ⋅r ) (k为波矢的单位向量） ⎢⎣ λ ⎦⎥ ⎡ 2π ˆ v ⎤ z Ψ(x , y , z ,t) A exp −i(2πνt − k ⋅r ) ⎢⎣ λ ⎦⎥ 波面 r For De Broglie Waves k 0