[工学]chapter1 signals and systems.ppt

Examples: with memory without memory 1.6.2 Invertibility and Inverse Systems Note: (1) If system is invertible,then an inverse system exists. (2) An inverse system cascaded with the original system,yields an output equal to the input. Invertible system－distinct inputs lead to distinct outputs. Examples of invertible systems Examples of noninvertible systems 1.6.3 Causality A system is causal If the output at any time depends only on values of the input at the present time and in the past. ( nonanticipative ) Note： For causal system, if x(t)=0 for tt0, there must be y(t)=0 for tt0. Memoryless systems are causal. causal noncausal Examples of causal systems 1.6.4 Stability The stable system－Small inputs lead to responses that don not diverge. Bounded input lead to Bounded output (BIBO） if |x(t)|M, then |y(t)|N . (unstable system) Examples: S1： S2: S3: (stable system) (unstable system) a stable pendulum an unstable inverted pendulum 1.6.5 Time Invariance A system of time invariant if the behavior and characteristics of the system are fixed over time. Time invariant system: If x(t) ?? y(t), then x(t-t0) ?? y(t-t0) . x(t) y(t) x(t-t0) y(t-t0) Example: S1: S2: S3: (time invariant) (time-varying) (time-varying) 1.6.6 Linearity A linear system is a system that possesses the important property of superposition: (1) Additivity property: The response to x1(t)+x2(t) is y1(t)+y2(t) . The response to x1[n]+x2[n] is y1[n]+y2[n] . (2) Scaling or homogeneity property: The response to ax1(t) is ay1(t) . The response to ax1[n] is ay1[n] . (where a is any complex constant, a?0 .) L x1[n] x2[n] y1[n] Y2[n] a x1[n] x1[n] +x2[n] ax1[n] +bx2[n] a y1[n] y1[n] +y2[n] ay1[n] +by2[n] Represented in block-diagram: Note: (zero-in / zero-out) (linear) (nonlinear) (linear) (nonlinear) (nonlinear) Homework: P58--1.15 1.16, 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.27 1.31 *1.37 Example : 线性系统 LTI