[外语学习]第三讲现在完成时.pptVIP

第三讲 现在完成时 主讲人 燕人行 1、肯定句： Have/has + 过去分词 eg . I have seen him since he graduated from our school . 2、否定句：have/has +not +过去分词 eg . I haven’t seen him since he graduated from our school . 3、一般疑问句：have/has +主语+过去分词 Have you / they seen....? Yes, I /we / they have. No, I / we / they havent. Has he / she / it seen....? Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasnt eg . Have you ever seen him since he graduated from our school ? 4、特殊疑问句：what + have/has+主语+过去分词 eg. What have you done since you graduated from the college ? 说明 have---’ve ;has ---’s 如：I’ve finished my homework. She’s spent much money on her hair. Have not---haven’t ;has not ---hasn’t 过去分词 四点变化规则： 　　(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） 　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited 　　(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 　　live---lived---lived , 　 (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ ed ”。 　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , 　　(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词，以后再作总结。 The Present Perfect Tense 含义：是指过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 timeline （一）表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系. 常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等. 1、Already在现在完成时的用法 1）肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “已经” 一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道” 如：I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already? 你难道还没吃早饭？ 2）带already（已经）的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末. 如：I have already done my homework. I haven’t done my homework yet. Have you done your homework yet? 3)有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. 如：She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late. 比较since 和for For + 时间段 Since + 时间点 Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 　　I have lived here for more than twenty years. 　　I have lived here since I was born.. 　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　 　　Some new oilfields have b