[工学]化学化工专业英语Nomenclature.ppt

Nomenclature of Inorganic compounds Forms of Chemical Bonds There are 3 forms bonding atoms: Ionic—complete transfer of 1 or more electrons from one atom to another (one loses, the other gains) Covalent—some valence electrons shared between atoms “元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调“单质”时可用“free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。 S-block Element IA Hydrogen Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium IIA ? Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium Common Transition Elememt Fe : iron Mn : manganese Cu : copper Zn : zinc Hg : mercury Ag : silver Au : gold A lot of chemicals have common names as well as the proper IUPAC name. Chemicals that should always be named by common name and never named by the IUPAC method are: H2O water, not dihydrogen monoxide NH3 ammonia, not nitrogen trihydride Binary Compounds Composed of two elements Binary Ionic Compounds Metal—nonmetal Binary Covalent Compounds Nonmetal—nonmetal Binary ionic compounds contain positive cations and negative anions. Type I compounds Metal present forms only one cation. Type II compounds Metal present can form 2 or more cations with different charges. IONIC COMPOUNDS Some Ionic Compounds Mg2+ + N-3 ---- Mg3N2 magnesium nitride Sn4+ + O2- ---- SnO2 Tin (IV) oxide Common Simple Cations and Anions Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds 1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name (the root) and adding –ide. Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) Examples: KCl Potassium chloride MgBr2 Magnesium bromide CaO Calcium oxide Exercise What is the name of the compound SrBr2? a) strontium bromine b) sulfur bromide c) strontium dibromide d) strontium bromide Learning Check Write the correct formula for the compounds containing the following io