西方社会学理论课件修订(1月4号最新).ppt

An Introduction to Western Social Theory 1.The significance of studying western social theory 1.1 The developing tendency of social science 1.2 The sociology’s researching target 1.3 The independence of sociology 2.the characteristics of social theory 2.1 accumulation 2.2 development stage 2.3 diversification 3.The four stages of social theory 3.1 The first stage: from 1837 to the beginning of 20 century---the foundation of sociology 3.2 The second stage: from 1920’s to 1960’s---the general theory appearance 3.3 The third stage: from 1960’s to 1980’s --- the prosperity of social theory 3.4 The forth stage: from 1980’s till now---the integration of social theory 4. Divergent methodology of social theory Macrocosm vs microcosm Positivism vs anti-positivism Chapter one :Auguste Comte (1798—1857) The Person A Summary of Ideas 1 the law of human progress 2 hierarchy of science 3 social statics and dynamics The person Auguste Comte was born on January 19, 1798, in the southern French city of Montpellier In August 1814, Comte entered the competition for the entrance examinations of the prestigious Ecole Polytechnique which was a worldly famous scientific university , In the summer of 1817 Comte was introduced to Henri Saint-Simon who was to have a major and lasting influence on Comtes life and works. In 1824 Comte finally broke with his master. began to publish his course of philosophy in 1826. Because of his unhappy life, He realized that mere intellectual development is insufficient for life, and, having presented Positivism as the scientific doctrine and method, he aimed at making it a religion, the religion of humanity. Comtes chief works are his Cours de philosophie positive [6 vols.: Phiosophie mathématique (1830), astronomique et physique (1835), chimique et biologique (1838), partie dogmatique de la philosophie sociale (1839), partie historique (1840), complément de la philosophie sociale et conclusions (1842); A