一英语重点语法课件2.ppt

五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. Yang is the first Chinese to travel in space . 2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子中有动作的执行者。 Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. (间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语) (主语I是to do的逻辑主语) 注意：“--- Do you have anything to be typed ?” Asked the secretary . 　3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系时，一般用主动形式。 主语 is adj to do . His speech in English was difficult to follow. 　　Do you think him easy to get along with?  Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? The house is to let.此房出租 不定式特殊搭配 第一，感官系动词和联系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel， look, seem, appear , taste, sound, remain, stay , keep , become, grow, get , turn , go ,prove , turn out 等。 — Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft. 误：The food is tasted delicious. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 下列情况不能被动 第二，谓语是某些及物动词leave离开, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, belong to ，consist of, add up to, lose heart 等。如： 误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned. 高中英语 被动语态的复习 语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 一、被动语态的定义： 动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。 二、被动语态的一般结构： 即：be+ done (+ by) (五) 在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如： Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。 The task has been finished. 任务已经完成了。 结构： be+ done (+ by) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子