DN05传输层1.pptVIP

2003-10-21 网络与数据通信 第十讲 TCP协议 第三章 运输层（传输层） 学习要点： What You Will Learn In This Lecture The Transport Layer is concerned about getting packets from source to destination in a reliable, cost-effective manner. 了解传输层在网络工作过程中的作用； 了解QoS的概念及传输层与网络层服务的关系； 了解传输层协议的分类； 理解网络环境中实现分布式进程通信的基本方法； 理解传输层协议设计的基本问题； 掌握TCP/UDP协议的基本内容； 掌握传输层、网络层的内部工作过程。 1 The Transport Service：Overview of this layer 2 Elements of Transport Protocols：Jobs done in this layer 3 TCP and UDP：Description of popular protocols 一.传输层基本概念 传输层在网络中的作用： 克服通信子网自身难以克服的问题，改善和优化通信子网的服务质量，使得通信子网对网络用户是透明的； Transport services Provide logical communication between app processes running on different hosts Transport protocols run in end systems sender side: breaks messages from app layer into segments, passes to network layer receiver side: reassembles segments into messages, passes to app layer More than one transport protocol available to applications Famous Internet Transport Protocols: TCP and UDP 服务与服务质量 QoS(Quality of Service) 连接建立延时 Connection Establishment Delay Time between request for a connection and its acknowledgment. Becoming increasingly important for web-related activity. 释放延时； Disconnect Delay 连接建立失败概率 Connection Establishment Failure Probability Chance that the connection wont be established within a defined time. (A congestion issue.) 释放失败概率 Disconnect Failure Probability 传输延时 Transit Delay Time between when data is sent and when its received (user to user). Again, this depends on host CPU time and subnet congestion. Quality of Service con. 吞吐率Throughput: Number of bytes of data transferred per time unit. This is a factor of host CPU time (on benchmark tests) and congestion, window size, and number of hops, (in real life). 残留误码率Residual Error Ratio: What fraction of packets are lost or garbled. This is from the point of view of the user - hopefully there are none, but in practice there is some none-zero probability of error. 数据安全防护Protection: The ability to provide security against a t