7_分离设备的效率及分离过程的节能一教材教学课件.pptVIP

1）掌握等温分离的最小功的计算方法，了解非等温分离和有效能、净功消耗和热力学效率的计算。 2）了解精馏过程的热力学不可逆分析方法，掌握精馏过程的节能技术。 3）掌握简单分离和复杂塔的分离顺序的合成的原则。 要求： 7.2.1 分离的最小功和热力学效率 1、定义 当分离过程完全可逆时，分离消耗的功 完全可逆 ①体系内所有的变化过程必须是可逆的 ②体系只与温度为T0（绝对温度）的环境进行可逆的热交换 一、等温分离的最小功 1、定义 物质分离的难易程度，取决于待分离混合物和分离所得产物的组成（xi，yi） 、温度和压力 2、分离理想气体的混合物 理想气体混合物 由混合物分离成纯组分 3、分离低压的液体混合物 分离成纯组分时所需最小功 二、非等温分离和有效能 （Exergy） 若分离过程的产品温度与原料温度不同时，分离过程所需的最小功，按物系在分离过程中的有效能的增量变化来表示 三、净功和热力学效率 1、净功 2、热力学效率 热力学效率 若分离过程是完全可逆的，热力学效率为1.0 实际过程为不可逆过程，故必定小于1.0 where b = h - T0s = availability function Universal Thermodynamic Laws for a Continuous, Steady-State Flow System (1) Energy balance: (2) Entropy balance: (3) Availability balance: (4) Minimum work of separation: (5) Second-law efficiency: Figure 1.12 Distillation of a propylene–propane mixture. Problem: For the propylene–propane separation of Figure 1.12, using the following thermodynamic properties for certain streams, Stream Phase Condition Enthalpy (h) kJ/kmol Entropy (s ) kJ/kmol-K Feed (F) Liquid 13,338 ?4.1683 Overhead vapor (OV) Vapor 24,400 24.2609 Distillate (D) and reflux (R) Liquid 12,243 ?13.8068 Bottoms (B ) Liquid 14,687 ?2.3886 calculate: (a) The condenser duty, QC (b) The reboiler duty, QR (c) The irreversible entropy production, assuming 303 K for the condenser cooling-water sink and 378 K for the reboiler steam source (d) The lost work, assuming T0 303 K (e) The minimum work of separation (f) The second-law efficiency SOLUTION Place the condenser (C) cooling water and the reboiler (R) steam outside the distillation system. Thus, QC and QR cross the boundary of the system. The following calculations are made using the stream flow rates in Figure 1.12 and properties above. (a) Compute condenser duty from an energy balance around the condenser. From (1), Table 2.1, noting that the overhead-vapor molar flow rate is given by nOV = nR + nD and hR = hD, the condenser duty is (b) Compute reboiler duty from an energy balance around