[计算机软件及应用]coa课件第五章.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory §5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory Basic element——Memory cell 存储元 Share properties 共性 —binary 0 or 1 —two states: stable(e.g. SRAM) or semistable(e.g.DRAM) —write into cell at least once （至少一次） —read out from cell repeatedly（重复） Semiconductor Memory Types Dynamic RAM Bits stored as charge in capacitors 利用电容能存储电荷 Charges leak （电容漏电，电荷损失） Need refreshing even when powered Simpler construction 结构简单 Smaller per bit Less expensive 成本低 Need refresh circuits （刷新） Slower 速度慢 Main memory Essen