国外心理学导论18.pptVIP

Module 18 Adolescence Adulthood PUBERTY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Girls during puberty Puberty sets off physical growth starts 9.6 years begins 6-12 months before breast development Puberty triggers a physiological process: female sexual maturity Menarche first menstrual period (ovulation may have occurred) estrogen levels increase eightfold stimulates the development of both primary and secondary sexual characteristics PUBERTY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Girls during puberty Female secondary sexual characteristics triggered by increase of estrogen secretion includes growth of pubic hair, development of breasts, and widening of hips begins about 10.5 years continues for about 4 to 5 years PUBERTY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR (CONT.) Boys during puberty Triggers an increase in physical growth (height) age 13-14 Male sexual maturity, includes growth of genital organs begins around age 11 and continues for approximately three years sperm production begins around the age 12-14 Male secondary characteristics triggered by increased secretion of testosterone; include growth of pubic hair, facial hair, development of muscles, and a change (deepening) in voice occur between 12 and 16 COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES Definition refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains an understanding of his or her world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learned factors Piaget’s Cognitive Stages: continued Stage 4: Formal Operations last of Piaget’s four cognitive stages extends from about age 12 through adulthood adolescents and adults develop the abilities to think about abstract or hypothetical concepts consider an issue from another’s viewpoint, and solve cognitive problems in a logical way COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES (CONT.) Brain development: reason and emotion Prefrontal cortex: executive functions located near the front of the brain Vulnerability around age 11 and continuing into young adult hood, the brain rewires and reorganizes especially vulnerable to traumatic adolescent