普通心理学—意识 Consciousness（英文ppt）.ppt

Consciousness Chapter 5 Section 1— The Study Of Consciousness Some Psychologists have argued that consciousness cannot be scientifically studied. Why? What are some reasons psychologists believe consciousness can be studied? How does consciousness affect behavior? Can we look at the human condition without looking at consciousness? Consciousness as a Construct Consciousness is a psychological construct. A construct is a concept used to talk about something we cannot see, touch, or measure directly. Along with consciousness, intelligence, personality and emotion are also psychological constructs. Meanings of Consciousness While consciousness generally means awareness, the term is used in different ways in different contexts. Sensory Awareness Direct inner awareness Sense of self that person experiences Sensory Awareness Awareness of the environment around you. Our brains filter sensory input. Sensory input that we have learned can be ignored eventually will be New or unusual sensory stimulation is focused upon. Filter out information when we can’t afford to concentrate on it. This is an important ability. Schizophrenia Autism Sensory Awareness Awareness of sensory input depends on Focus Familiarity with the sensory input Intensity or unusualness of the stimulation Consciousness as Direct Inner Awareness Basically, this is awareness of things inside yourself. Thoughts, feelings, memories, emotions. Examples would be knowing when you are grumpy or tired. Also, your own memories Consciousness as Sense of Self Understanding that you are a distinct individual with a sense of identity Language development in small children. Empathy “Cogito ergo sum” Levels of Consciousness Preconscious level Awareness and information that you are not consciously thinking about but is available to you when you want it. 1st man on the moon? Street do live on? Kindergarten teacher’s name? Levels of Consciousness The Unconscious level— Part of Freud’s theories of the human psy