流体力学Chapter 7 Similitude and Dimensional Analysis.ppt

Chapter 7 Similitude Dimensional Analysis ----Effective methods in model experiment. 7.1 Similarity Theory 7.1.1 Geometric Similarity Note: Vector similarity requires that 1) the magnitudes of involved vector parameters be proportional, and 2) their directions be the same. Usually, many forces exist in a flow field. 7.2 Rules of Dynamic Similarity The ratios of inertial force to different forces 7.2.1 Similarity rule of viscous force——The rule of Reynolds number According to (a) L is determined by the linear dimension by which the flow is mainly influenced, such as the pipe’s diameter and plate’s length. 7.2.2 Similarity rule of gravitational force——The rule of Froude number According to (b) Example 7.1 A 1:50 model of a boat has a wave resistance of 0.02N when operating in water at 1.0m/s. 1) Find the corresponding prototype wave resistance. 2) Find the power requirement for the prototype. 3) What velocity does this test represent in the prototype? Solution Gravity and inertia force predominate; hence the Froude criterion is applicable. 7.2.2 Similarity rule of pressure——The rule of Euler number According to (c) 7.2.4 Similarity rule of elastic force——The rule of Mach number According to (d) in which, c is the speed of sound. Ma is the most important parameter when velocities are near or above local sonic velocities, usually in analyses of gas dynamics. 7.2.5 Similarity rule of surface tension——The rule of Weber number According to (e) We is important at gas-liquid or liquid –liquid interfaces and also where these interfaces are in contact with a boundary. 7.3 Dimensional Analysis How many experiments will be done to determine the following functional relation when each independent variable has 10 different values? 7.3.1 Dimension knowledge (1) Dimensions and units The kind of physical unit is called dimension. The Basic Dimensions (2) Basic dimensions and derived dimensions The in