第2章.细胞的统一性与多样性.ppt

细胞生物学 Cell Biology Chapter 2 Basic properties of cells Cells are highly complex and organized Cells possess a genetic program and use it Cells are capable of producing more of themselves Cells acquire and utilize energy Cells carry out a variety of chemical reactions Cells engage in numerous mechanical activities Cells are able to respond to stimuli Sells are capable of self-regulation Features of eukaryotic cells  not found in prokaryotes Division of cells into nucleus and cytoplasm, separated by a nuclear envelop containing complex pore structures Complex chromosomes composed of DNA and associated proteins that are capable of compacting into mitotic structures Complex membranous cytoplasmic organells, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, endosomes, peroxisomes, and so on Features of eukaryotic cells  not found in prokaryotes Specialised cytoplasmic organells for aerobic respiration (mitochondria) and photosynthesis (chloroplasts) Complex cytoskeletal system (including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) Complex flagela and cilia Capable of ingesting fluid and particulate material by enclosure within plasma membrane vesicales ( endocytosis and phagocytosis) Features of eukaryotic cells  not found in prokaryotes Cellulose-containing cell walls( in Plants) Cell division using a microtubule-containing mitotic spindle that separates chromosomes Presence of two copies of genes per cell (diploidy), one from each parent Sexual reproduction requiring meiosis and fertilization Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share many common features,including a similar cellular membrane,a common system for storing and using genetic information,and similar metabolic pathways. * 功能上的共同点： 都是生命的基本结构单位； 都能进行分裂； 都能遗传。 2.2.3.2 Comparison of Some Properties of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 结构上的共同点: 都有细胞膜； 都有DNA和RNA； 都有核糖体。 * 原核细胞与真核细胞差异简单比较 原核细胞 真核细胞 代表生物 细胞核