中小外贸企业国际贸易融资问题 英文文献推荐.doc

外文文献及中文翻译： The SME Financing Gap: theory and Evidence The sharply varying levels of development of SME sectors in OECD countries and worldwide makes it imperative for those countries where the sector is lagging to review and reform their entire frameworks for entrepreneurial finance. Conclusions A lack of data impedes a complete analysis of the financial situation of SMEs in OECD and non-OECD economies. Financing gaps are more pervasive in emerging markets than in OECD countries,but many OECD countries have financing gaps for ISMEs. The overall macroeconomic legal,regulatory and financial framework is the critical determinant of SMEs access to finance. SMEs have significant gaps in the information and skills needed to access external finance. The modern market-based model of banking is more likely to work to the advantage of SMEs than highly controlled banking that is closed to foreign competition. Emerging economies need to strengthen incentives for SMEs to move into the formal sector. An effective framework for research-commerce linkages is a critical precondition for effective ISME finance. Recommendations Governments can play an important role in supporting the SME sector,in particular,in cases of market failures and incomplete markets that inhibit the provision of adequate financing or financing on terms suitable for the stage of SME development. Government measures to promote SMEs should be carefully focused,aiming at making markets work efficiently and at providing incentives for the private sector to assume an active role in SME finance. Public policy should improve awareness among entrepreneurs of the range of financing options available from official programmes,private investors, and banks. The principle of risk sharing should be observed,committing official funds only in partnership with those of entrepreneurs,banks,businesses or universities. The tax system should not inadvertently place SMEs at a disadvantage. Where necessary,banking systems should be r