农业生态学的学科体系.docVIP

农业生态学的国外发展及其启示 骆世明1,2 1. 华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所，广州 510642 2. 农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室，广州 510642 摘 要 国内外有关农业生态学的文献持续大幅度上升。国际上，人们深刻认识到传统还原论思维主导的农业科研方法及其影响下的农业方式遇到的严峻危机，认识到农业生态学的生命力正是由于运用了新的思维方式和新的农业方法。目前国外对农业生态学内涵的认识既有“硬农业生态学”和“软农业生态学”之分，也有把农业生态学作为一个学科、一类实践或一个社会运动。农业生态学作为一个实践的做法类似我国的生态农业实践，主要内容包括资源节约型技术、投入替代型技术、农业系统结构调整和食物供应体系关系调整四个层次。农业生态学作为一个社会运动，在拉丁美洲为代表的发展中国家和以美国为代表的发达国家发展迅速，成为交流农业生态经验，改善农民民生，维护农民权益的重要组织形式。这个运动影响到了政府的政策取向。农业生态学作为一个严格意义上的学科范畴，人们认为需要进一步强化层次上推的方法论研究，以及进行更多定量的多学科综合研究。利用国际上农业生态学的发展的态势反观我国的农业生态学发展，可以发现很多优势和不足。论文进一步讨论了对我国农业生态学和生态农业发展的启迪。 关键词 农业生态 生态农业 食品体系 农业生态系统 中图分类号：S181 S345 The development trend of Agroecology abroad and its Enlightenment LUO Shi-Ming 1,2 （1. Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, Suoth China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; 2. Key Laboratory of South China Tropical Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture） Abstract The amount of literature related to agroecology increased quickly and steadily both within China and abroad. It has been recognized that the agricultural research and agriculture production practice guided by the view of reductionism is facing a serious crisis and the vitality of agroecology lies on its foundamentally new ways of thinking and practices for agriculture. The range of agroecology was considered dividing into “hard agroecology” and “soft agroecology”. Agroecology was also considered as a discipline of science, a practice of agriculture and a movement of farmers. As a practice, the meaning of agroecology is similar to “ecoagriculutre” in China. It includes the four levels of change. Replacing traditional technique by resources saving technique refers to the first level change. Substituting the traditional inputs with alternative inputs refers to the second level change. Structural change of an agroecosystem refers to the third level change. The change in the whole food supply chain is considered as the forth level change. Agroecology as a movement is prevailing in Latin America and US. Ag