光电子学 2007 chapter 11.pptVIP

IQ也疯狂--英语脑筋急转弯 ＩＱ大比拼，测试你的ＩＱ 1. Why is the letter E so sad？ Key: 1. Because it’s always out of cash and always in debt. 2. Why is the letter E so important？ Key: 2. Because it’s the beginning of everything. 3. What can pierce(刺透) one’s ears without a hole?  Key: 3. Noise. 4. What’s the longest word in the world? Key: 4. Smiles. Because there’s a mile between the letter “s”. 5. A police officer has a brother，but the brother does not have a brother. How could that be？? Key: 5. The police officer is a lady. Chapter 11 Detection of optical radiation keywords dynodes cathode anode photomultiplier photoconductive detector photodiode avalanche photodiode thermocouples mobility heterodyne sensitivity conduction band valence band 11.1 optically induced transition rates This shows that the transition rate has, in addition to a constant term , a component oscillating at the difference frequency with a phase equal to the difference of the two original phases. This coherent “beating” effect forms the basis of the heterodyne (外差法) detection scheme., which is discussed in detail in section 11.4 0  11.2 photomultiplier(光电倍增管) A schematic (示意性的) diagram of a conventional photomultiplier The photocathode consists of materials with low surface work functions: Ag-O-Cs (铯) and Sb (锑)-Cs; Two Birds  Here are tow birds. One is swallow, the other is sparrow. Now, who can tell us, which is which. I cant point out, but I know the answer. Please tell us. The swallow is besides the sparrow, and the sparrow is besides the swallow. 11.5 photoconductive detectors (光电导探测器) The optical field to be detected is incident on and absorbed in the crystal, thereby exciting electrons into the conduction band (导带) (or, in p-type semiconductors, holes (空穴) into the valence band (价带) ) . Such excitation results in a lowering of the resistance(电阻) R