光电子学 2007 lecture 2.pptVIP

Keywords Keywords 1.0 introduction In this chapter we derive some of the basic results concerning the propagation of plane, single-frequency ,electromagnetic waves in homogeneous isotropic media, as well as in anisotropic crystal media . Starting with Maxwell’s equations we obtain expressions for the dissipation,storage, and transport of energy resulting from the propagation of wave in material media. 1.0 introduction We consider in some detail the phenomenon of birefringence, in which the phase velocity of a plane wave in a crystal depends on its direction of polarization. The two allowed modes of propagation in uniaxial crystals --- the “ordinary” and “extraordinary” rays ---are discussed using the formalism of the index ellipsoid. We also derive the Fresnel-kirchhoff diffraction integral. This integral, the key for work in coherent and Fourier optics, will be used extensively throughout this book. 1.1 complex-function formalism In problems that involve sinusoidally varying time functions, we can save a great deal of manipulation and space by using the complex-function formalism. As an example consider the function In most situations the replacement of (1.1-3) by the complex form (1.1-4) poses no problems.The exceptions are cases that involve the product(or powers) of sinusoidal functions. In these cases we must use the real form of the function (1.1-3). To illustrate the case where the distinction between the real and complex form is not necessary, consider the problem of taking the derivative of a(t). Using (1.1-1) we obtain Use your head Why is the person wearing two coats while painting the house? ??????? What two words have thousands of letters in them? ??????? ????????? ??????? What 5-letter word has 6 left when you take 2 letters away? ??????? ??????? When do you go as fast as a racing car? ??????? Joke Osama Bin Laden, a Canadian, and President Bush were walking down the street when they saw a golden lamp. They rubbed it and a genie（妖魔, 精灵）