虚拟语气总结附练习及答案.doc

虚拟语气简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 If + 主语+助动词的过去式（were, did, had） 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 与过去事实相反的假设 If +主语+had+过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would) 主语+ should/would/could/might+动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, … = If it had not been for your help, … = Had it not been for you help, … 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 ④含蓄条件句 有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如： I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the s