定语从句语法讲座.doc

语法讲座：定语从句 一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词 1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。 eg. The lovely girl often helps the old lady. She lives next door to our school. →The lovely girl who lives next door to our school often helps the old lady. →The lovely girl often helps the old lady who lives next door to our school. The lovely girl often helps the old lady. You met her at school yesterday. →The lovely girl (whom)you met at school yesterday often helps the old lady. →The lovely girl often helps the old lady (whom) you met at school yesterday. 2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。 eg. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. ← The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday. I have visited the house where Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes. ←I have visited the house. Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes in the house. 二、关系代词 1．who的先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。 eg. The student who studies very hard come from Tibet. Do you know the man who is talking with our headmaster? Those who want to see the film star are waiting patiently at the gate. 注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。who的单复数由先行词决定。但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of+先行词”的情况。 eg. Tom是我们班喜欢打篮球的男生之一。 Tom is one of the boys in our class who like to play basketball. Jane是我们班唯一喜欢打篮球的女生。 Jane is the only one of the girl in our class who likes to play basketball. 2．whom的先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。 eg. The friend whom we met in the library can help you with the problem. The professor whom you will see later comes from the United Kingdom. Do you remember the man whom we worked with together last year? whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。 eg. Do you remember the man with whom we worked together last year? 3．which的先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。 eg. He owns a store which opens 24 hours. I am looking for some books which deal with the c