加拿大电价系统改革报告.pdfVIP

Rethinking Electricity Pricing in Canada Richer, Greener and Fairer Pierre-Olivier Pineau, PhD Associate Professor HEC Montréal th April 20 , 2009 A Sustainable Prosperity Research Paper Table of Content Executive Summary3 1. Introduction: Canada’s Sustainability Challenge and its Electricity Sectors 4 The General Context 4 Canadian Emissions and the Electricity Sector 4 Overview of Provincial Electricity Markets 6 International Electricity Sector Trends 9 2. Price Signals for Sustainability 11 Market Prices 11 Current Price Signals in Electricity: Increasing Block and Time-of-Use Prices 12 Increasing Block Prices 12 Time-of-Use Prices 13 Demand-Side Management and Energy Efficiency 15 Carbon Pricing in Canada 16 Conclusion on Current Canadian Electricity Prices 17 3. Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits18 Market Price Scenario: 6¢/kWh 18 Carbon Tax Scenario ($40/ton) 19 Summary of Economic and Environmental Gains 20 Social Gains 21 4. Strategic Actions to Implement Change24 Obstacles to change24 Main allies in change and possibly opposing groups 25 Strategies to Make Change Acceptable to All 25 5. Conclusion 26 References28 Appendix: Methodological Details 31 The author would like to thank Jane McDonald, Michael Cleland, Nancy Olewiler and Sylvain Audette for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. Rethinking Electricity Pricing in Canada / Sustainable Prosperity 2 Executive Summary Canadians emitted 750 million tons (Mt) of CO -equivalent greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2006 and have to 2 r