《操作系统概念Operating System Concepts》原配课件PPT-UnixBSD.pptVIP

Appendix A: UnixBSD Module A: The FreeBSD System UNIX History Design Principles Programmer Interface User Interface Process Management Memory Management File System I/O System Interprocess Communication UNIX History First developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie of the Research Group at Bell Laboratories; incorporated features of other operating systems, especially MULTICS The third version was written in C, which was developed at Bell Labs specifically to support UNIX The most influential of the non-Bell Labs and non-ATT UNIX development groups — University of California at Berkeley (Berkeley Software Distributions - BSD) 4BSD UNIX resulted from DARPA funding to develop a standard UNIX system for government use Developed for the VAX, 4.3BSD is one of the most influential versions, and has been ported to many other platforms Several standardization projects seek to consolidate the variant flavors of UNIX leading to one programming interface to UNIX History of UNIX Versions Early Advantages of UNIX Written in a high-level language Distributed in source form Provided powerful operating-system primitives on an inexpensive platform Small size, modular, clean design UNIX Design Principles Designed to be a time-sharing system Has a simple standard user interface (shell) that can be replaced File system with multilevel tree-structured directories Files are supported by the kernel as unstructured sequences of bytes Supports multiple processes; a process can easily create new processes High priority given to making system interactive, and providing facilities for program development Programmer Interface Kernel: everything below the system-call interface and above the physical hardware Provides file system, CPU scheduling, memory management, and other OS functions through system calls Systems programs: use the kernel-supported system calls to provide useful functions, such as compilation and file manipulation 4.4BSD Layer Structure System Calls System calls