八年级英语(上)Unit 4-知识简图.doc

八年级English（上）知识简表四----Unit 4 Our World Topic 1.Plants and animals are important to us. 1.形容词比较级与最高级 形容词adj.：是用来修饰名词的词，一般放在所修饰的名词前面 说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级：The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级：The boy is too young. 表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级：①A+as+形容词原级+as+B：Xiao Ming is as all as Jim. ②A...+not+as/so +形容词原级+as+B：This book isnt as/so new as that one. I am not so careful as Lucy. ③表示“A是B的......倍”时用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”（1倍：once,2倍：twice,3倍及以上：数字+times)：Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的3倍大。 This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 ④“...half af +形容词原级+as...”表示“……是……的一半”：Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你的房间的一半大。 形容词一般有三个等级即“原级、比较级、最高级” 1.比较级与最高级的构成规则变化 1)单音节词和部分双音节词加er,est：great--greater--greatest, strong--stronger--strongest， deep--deeper--deepest 以e结尾加r,st：large--larger--largest, brave--braver--bravest, fine--finer--finest 2)以重读闭音节结尾的词双写辅音字母再加er,est：big--bigger--biggest, hot--hotter--hottest, red--redder--reddest, sad--sadder--saddest, thin--thinner--thinnest, wet--wetter--wettest, fat--fatter--fattest 3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加er,est：easy--easier--easiest, angry--angrier--angriest, busy--busier--busiest, cloudy--cloudier--cloudiest, dry--drier--driest, dirty--dirtier--dirtiest, early--earlier--earliest, happy--happier--happiest, healthy--healthier--healthiest, heavy--heavier--heaviest, hungry--hungrier--hungriest, lazy--lazier--laziest, lucky--luckier--luckiest, empty--emptier--emptiest 4)more,most+大多数双音节和多音节形容词：beautiful--more beautiful--most beautiful, careful--more careful--most careful, dangerous--more dangerous--most dangerous, different--more different--most different, difficult--more difficult--most difficult, expensive--more expensive--most expensive, favourite--more favourite--most favourite, friendly--more friendly--most friendly, important--more important--most important, interesting--more interesting--most interesting, possible--more possible--most possible, serious----mor