纺织材料学第一章英文.docVIP

To analyze and predict a fabrics performance, start with the fiber. Knowledge of fiber properties will help you understand the fibers contribution to the performance of a fabric and the product made from it. Fiber properties are determined by their physical structure, chemical composition, and molecular arrangement. Some attributes of fibers are desirable and some are not. The following list of characteristics of a low-absorbency fiber includes consumer advantages and disadvantages: ? Static cling ? Rapid drying ? Cool and slick hand ? Poor skin-comfort—clammy ? Waterborne soils do not stain ? Evaporation of perspiration may occur by wicking, but fabric is low in absorbency Wick: 毛细管作用， wicking: 动名词。 ? Dimensionally stable to water ? Good wrinkle recovery when laundered ? Difficult to dye, but dyes are colorfast when laundered Fast: 牢固的，耐久的， colorfast: 不褪色的。 While fiber plays a major role in the characteristics of a product, other components are also contributors. Fibers are used to produce yarns. The type of yarn and its structure influence hand and performance. For example, yarns made from short fibers may be comfortable, but they tend to pill. The process used to produce the fabric influences the products appearance and texture, performance during use and care, and cost. Finishes alter the fabrics hand, appearance, and performance. These three components (yarn, fabric type, and finish) will be discussed in detail in the chapters in Sections 3, 4, and 5. Because cotton is a common consumer fiber, it is often used as a standard in the industry. It might be helpful to compare cottons performance to that of other fibers when examining or studying Tables 3-3 through 3-8. Fiber properties are determined using specialized equipment and following specified procedures called standard test methods. Assessment of specific fiber properties is important in selecting an appropriate fiber for the end use. Physical Structure The physical structure, or morpho