三上复习短文1.doc

17、While the complex frequencys imaginary part () helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part () helps describe a circuits transient response. Looking at Figure 2.2b, we can therefore say something about the RC low-pass filters response as compared to that of the integrator. The low-pass filters transient response is more stable, because its pole is in the negative-real half of the complex plane. That is, the low-pass filter makes a decaying-exponential response to a step-function input; the integrator makes an infinite response. For the low-pass filter, pole positions further down the axis mean a higher, a shorter time constant, and therefore a quicker transient response. Conversely, a pole closer to the j axis causes a longer transient response. 18、Now lets examine the second-order functions frequency response and see how it varies with Q. As before, Figure 2.4a shows the function as a curved surface, depicted in the three-dimensional space formed by the complex plane and a vertical magnitude vector. Q =0.707, and you can see immediately that the response is a low-pass filter. The effect of increasing the Q is to move the poles in a circular path toward the axis. Figure 2.4b shows the case where Q = 2. Because the poles are closer to the axis, they have a greater effect on the frequency response, causing a peak at the high end of the passband. 19、There is also an effect on the filters transient response. Because the poles negative-real part is smaller, an input step function will cause ringing at the filter output. Lower values of Q result in less ringing, because the damping is greater. On the other hand, if Q becomes infinite, the poles reach the axis, causing an infinite frequency response (instability and continuous oscillation) at. In the LCR circuit in Figure 2.3a, this condition would be impossible unless R=0. For filters that contain amplifiers, however, the condition is possible and must be considered in the design process. 20、A second-orde