苗床宜设为东西走向枳椇产量稳定要保证种子遗传品质的优良和稳定性.doc

苗床宜设为东西走向枳椇产量稳定保证种子遗传品质的优良和稳定性枳椇为鼠李科枳椇属植物拐枣（Hoveniadulcis Thunb），别名万字果、鸡爪树等[1]。枳椇为落叶乔木，高达10~15 m，树皮灰黑色，深纵裂；小枝红褐色。叶广卵形至卵状椭圆形，长8~16 cm。先端短渐尖，基部近圆形。缘有粗钝锯齿，基部三曲脉。被面无毛或仅脉上有毛；叶柄长3~5 cm，聚伞花序常顶生，二歧分枝常不对称。果梗肥大肉质，经霜后味甜可口（故称鸡爪梨）。花期6月。果9—10月成熟，红褐色，种子扁圆形，暗褐色，有光泽。 Hovenia were Li Kezhi tree genus Hovenia dulcis (Hoveniadulcis Thunb), alias thousand words, such as fruit tree [1]. Hovenia dulcis is a deciduous tree, up to 10~15 m, bark gray, deep fracture; branchlets reddish brown. Ye Guang ovate to ovate-elliptic, 8~16 cm. Apex shortly acuminate, base subrounded. A rough margin obtusely serrate, base of the three curved veins. Surface glabrous or only veins hairy; petiole 3~5 cm, cymes often Dingsheng, two dichotomously branched often asymmetric. Fruiting pedicels mast fleshy, after the cream sweet and delicious (so called Chicken pear). Florescence in June. 9 - October, mature fruit, seeds red brown, flat round, dark brown, shiny. 　　1.2生态特性 1.2 ecological characteristics 　　枳椇属喜光性树种，具有一定的耐寒性能，对土壤要求不严格。在土壤深厚、湿润、排灌条件便利、pH值呈微酸性的土壤环境及地域，不仅四旁生长良好，适宜大量发展，而在浅山丘陵及垄岗瘠薄土地上生长也十分理想，不仅树势强健，冠形正态，开张，而且产量十分稳定。枳椇在我国分布广泛，主要分布在华北南部至长江流域。我国西南的广大地域也有大量零星分部，如陕西、四川、云南等地。 Hovenia dulcis L. shade-intolerant tree species, with cold resistance, not strict to edaphic requirement. In deep, moist soil, irrigation and drainage facilities, pH value in soil environment and regional slightly acidic, not only its growth is good, suitable for a large number of development, and growth is also very good in Hilly and ridge barren land, not only looks strong, crown shape normal, open, and the output is very stable. Hovenia is widely distributed in China, mainly distributed in the southern part of the North China and the Yangtze River basin. Vast areas of Southwest China have a large number of sporadic segments, such as Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan etc.. 　　1.3生态经济价值 1.3 ecological economic value 　　枳椇用途广泛，是集生态价值与经济价值于一体的双盈树种，既是理想的用材树种，又是水土保持和水源涵养林树种。该树种树形好，树冠开张，冠幅大，是理想的城镇街道绿化、公园片林等首选树种。其生长迅速，树干通直，是建筑上的模板，脚手架不可缺的材料。经粉碎、加工后