-专业英语-11-1.ppt

Speciality English for Applied Chemistry《应用化学专业英语》 Yun Zhang (张云) Cell phone: E-mail: zy_hnu@163.com QQ: 875398559 Without further ado. 闲话少说 Le Chateliers principle can be used to predict whether products or reactants will be formed. 勒夏特列原理可以用来预测产物或反应物是否形成。 Without further ado. 闲话少说 Although all reactions are reversible to some extent, some reactions can be classified as irreversible. 尽管所有的反应在一定程度上都是可逆的，但一些反应还是被区分为不可逆。 Without further ado. 闲话少说 An irreversible reaction is one that goes to completion. 不可逆反应是指“可以完成”的反应。 Without further ado. 闲话少说 This phrase means that nearly all of the reactants are used to form products. 这个短语意味着，几乎所有的反应物都被用于形成产物。 Without further ado. 闲话少说 These reactions are very difficult to reverse even under extreme conditions. 这些反应即使在极端条件下都很难反向进行。 I have no idea. The entire name of the branched substituent is placed in parentheses, preceded by a number indicating which parent-chain carbon it joins. I have no idea. Substituents are listed in alphabetical order. To alphabetize, ignore numerical (di-, tri-, tetra-) prefixes (e.g., ethyl would come before dimethyl), but dont ignore positional prefixes such as iso and tert (e.g.,. triethyl comes before tertbutyl). I have no idea. Cyclic Alkanes The parent name is determined by the number of carbons in the largest ring (e.g., cycloalkane such as cyclohexane). I have no idea. In the case where the ring is attached to a chain containing additional carbons, the ring is considered to be a substituent on the chain. I have no idea. A substituted ring that is a substituent on something else is named using the rules for branched alkanes. I have no idea. When two rings are attached to each other, the larger ring is the parent and the smaller is a cycloalkyl substituent. I have no idea. The carbons of the ring are numbered such that the substituents are given the lowest possible numbers. Without further ado. 闲话少说 Chapter 6 Chemical Reaction Chemical reaction A chemical